UNITED NATIONS, Feb 14 (IPS) – A brand new report from the UN Human Rights Workplace confirms that Bangladesh’s former authorities coordinated and dedicated human rights violations in opposition to its civilians to suppress the protest motion in July final 12 months, with the excessive commissioner calling for justice and severe reform to finish the cycle of violence and retribution.
On 12 February, the UN Workplace of the Excessive Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) launched a long-awaited report on the human rights violations and abuses that befell throughout and following the anti-government protests in Bangladesh from 1 July to fifteen August, 2024. This report is the end result of a fact-finding mission performed in September on the invitation of the interim authorities and its Chief Advisor, Dr. Muhammad Yunus.
The scholar-led motion started as a protest in opposition to the nation’s excessive court docket’s choice to reinstate an unpopular quota system for civil service jobs. The motion unfold throughout the nation and garnered nationwide consideration when senior officers of the Awami League, the previous ruling get together, decried the scholars’ requests. As the scholars confronted escalating retaliation from the Awami League and safety forces, protestors shifted their calls for in direction of wider authorities reform and the resignation of former prime minister Sheikh Hasina. She fled to India on August 5, 2024, marking an finish to her regime.
The report discovered that Hasina’s authorities and the safety and intelligence groups systematically engaged in severe human rights violations. These included a whole bunch of extrajudicial killings, use of pressure on protestors, together with kids, and arbitrary detention and torture. OHCHR states that these human rights violations have been performed with the total data and on the route of the political leaders and safety personnel, with the intent to suppress the protests.
“The brutal response was a calculated and well-coordinated technique by the previous authorities to carry onto energy within the face of mass opposition,” stated UN Human Rights Chief Volker Türk.
The OHCHR investigation discovered that senior Awami League officers mobilized their supporters and the Chhtra League, the get together’s pupil wing, to hold out armed assaults on pupil protestors to dissuade dissent. When the protestors held their floor, police forces have been instructed to take extra forceful measures, and the federal government ready to deploy paramilitary forces armed with navy rifles.
The report confirmed the presence and use of steel pellets, rubber bullets, and tear gasoline on protestors, who have been usually unarmed. Extreme pressure was used in opposition to protestors by police and navy personnel, notably the Fast Motion Battalion (RAB), a paramilitary group which were criticized by human rights teams for his or her extreme use of violence and intimidation. An examination from Dhaka Medical Faculty of 130 deaths from that interval revealed that 80 p.c have been attributable to firearms. Bangladesh’s Ministry of Well being recorded over 13,000 accidents, lots of that are long-term harm to the eyes and torso.
Ladies that participated within the protests confronted verbal abuse and bodily assaults from the police and Awami League supporters. Feminine college students have been additionally threatened with sexual violence to dissuade them from becoming a member of the protests. OHCHR references a minimum of two accounts of girls who have been bodily assaulted and groped by Chhatra League members earlier than being turned over to the police. They comment within the report that it was attainable that many extra such instances may need occurred however have been unreported.
OHCHR estimates that as many as 1,400 deaths occurred regarding the protests, with kids accounting for roughly 12 p.c of these deaths. These deaths occurred amongst underage college students who participated within the protests or kids who have been bystanders and have been fatally shot by stray bullets.
The report additionally notes the state’s efforts to suppress info and conceal the extent of the unrest. Journalists confronted intimidation from safety forces; by the tip of the protests, a minimum of 200 journalists have been injured and 6 have been confirmed useless. In the meantime, the previous authorities’s intelligence and telecommunications companies carried out web and telecom shutdowns with out offering authorized justification. This was to stop the group of protests via social media and prevented journalists, activists and most of the people from sharing or accessing details about the protests and the federal government’s retaliation.
Within the quick aftermath of Hasina’s departure, the violence didn’t finish. As an alternative, there have been reported instances of revenge violence concentrating on the police, Awami League supporters, or these perceived to be supporting them. Experiences additionally emerged of assaults on indigenous communities from the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the minority Hindu communities. Though 100 arrests relating to those assaults have been reportedly made, lots of the perpetrators nonetheless confronted impunity.
OHCHR remarks that the previous authorities’s crackdown on the protest motion constituted violations of worldwide regulation. It’s emblematic of a deeper pattern in direction of using intimidation and even deadly pressure to clamp down on civic and political exercise.
The report concludes with a sequence of suggestions for sweeping reforms throughout the justice and safety sectors and to implement broader modifications to the political system.
For the reason that report’s launch, the interim authorities has indicated they welcome its findings and can take steps to implement the suggestions. “I, together with everybody else working within the interim authorities and hundreds of thousands of different Bangladeshis, am dedicated to reworking Bangladesh into a rustic wherein all its folks can stay in safety and dignity,” Yunus stated on Wednesday. Noting the report’s reference to structural points throughout the regulation enforcement sectors, Yunus known as on the folks in these sectors to “facet with justice, the regulation, and the folks of Bangladesh in holding to account their very own friends and others who’ve damaged the regulation and violated the human and civil rights of their fellow residents.”
Türk expressed that his workplace could be able to help Bangladesh within the strategy of nationwide accountability reform. “One of the best ways ahead for Bangladesh is to face the horrific wrongs dedicated throughout this era via a complete strategy of truth-telling, therapeutic and accountability and to redress the legacy of great human rights violations and guarantee they will by no means occur once more.”
The interim authorities’s acknowledgement of the human rights report is to be welcomed. Up to now, it was widespread for earlier governments to dismiss any such stories. Therapeutic and retribution should be owed to the lives misplaced through the protests. On the similar time, this authorities and the folks they symbolize should additionally acknowledge that of their efforts to hunt justice and accountability, they need to not fall into the lure of mob violence or a complete otherizing of former leaders, even because the ousted regime carries out a marketing campaign in opposition to the interim authorities and final 12 months’s protests.
Meenakshi Ganguly, deputy Asia director at Human Rights Watch, warns that the federal government “mustn’t repeat the errors of the previous” and as a substitute guarantee the correct procedures for neutral rule of regulation. “Bangladeshis are offended over the repression by the Hasina administration and so they deserve justice and accountability, but it surely needs to be in a rights-respecting method,” she stated. “All crimes, together with mob violence, must be punished, however when authority figures characterize opponents because the ‘satan,’ it may well gas abuses by safety forces which have by no means confronted accountability.”
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